Cap-spiioteb



uNTED sTATEs PATENT oEEioE.

CHARLES DANFORTH, OF PATERSON, NEW JERSEY.

CAP-SBINNER.

Specification kof Letters Patent No. 2,077, dated May 4, 1841.

To all whoml 25 may concern.' v

Be it known that I, CHARLES DANFORTH, of Paterson, in the county of Passaic and State of New Jersey, have invented new and useful improvements on a spinning-machine commonly called the cap-spinner or "Danforth frame and other spinning and twisting machines to which it is applicable, of which the following is a full and eXact description.

The drawings hereunto annexed and which I desire may constitute a part of this specification consist of eight pai'ts-theirst five represent the machine adopted to, and worked with, two endless cords or bands and are as follows, to wit.

Figure l is an elevation view of the geared end of the machine. Fig. 2 is a front or side elevation View. Fig. 3 is an inside elevation view with the machine divided in two parts through the center from side to side, the. roller beams, rollers, and creel taken o-l" looking toward the driving end. Fig. il is a ground view `with the Creel, roller beams, rollers, guide wire boards taken 0H and the caps and wire guards removed from the spindles. Fig. 5 is an end View of the oil cup feeder, bobbin, spindle, and carrying pulleys drawn in section half size. All the figures herein mentioned except the fifth are drawn upon a scale of three inches t-o the foot.

The same letters o-n all the above gures represent the 'same parts of the machine.

The other three parts represent parts of the machine adapted to and worked with one endless cord or band and are as follows to wit. Fig. G is an inside end elevation view with the machine cut in two parts from side to side looking toward the geared end. Fig. 7 is an elevation view from the driving end, the frame end take-n oill to show the pulleys and inode of working the band. Fig. S is a ground or horizontal view of the main shaft, pulleys, lifters &c.

The parts of the three last named figures are numbered, the numbers being the same ou all of them and having` reference to the same parts of the machine.

ln the first place l dispense with the tubes, warves, or pulleys common-ly used for supporting and git/'ing motion to the bobbins, and instead thereof l bush'the bobbins with castiron or othersuitable metal, these bushes are bored to fit t-he spindles and ,are

outer surfaces are turned vto lit the bore in the heads of the bobbins into which they are driven three-fourths of an inch deep from the ends `of the heads. I nextl 'dispense with the cylinder by which motion is commonly communicated to the warve or pulley on the spindle and instead usea main shaft A, of a suitable size (say one and one-eighth inches in diameter) which passes lengthwise through the center of the machine, the journals of which run in bearings B, B, similar to'and in the same position in the frame as the cylinder journals commonly run in. On this shaft is fixed near the journals two .double grooved pulleys C, D of convenient size for getting up speed and taking hold on the band (say eighteen inches in diameter). These pulleys give motion to two endless .bands or cords E, E, of suitable size for giving motion to theV bobbins (say one quarter of an inch in'diameter.) one of which operates the bobbins on one side of Y t-he machine and the other on the opposite side. They are applied in the following manner, to wit, the Vfirst leading off the inside groove of double grooved pulley D, at a, Fig. 3) thence to grooved end pulley F, connected with the end of the lifter or copping rail G, G, around said pulley F, ninety degrees thence it passes along parallel with the lifter G, and about half an inch above it at a suitab'le distance fromand in front of the spindles, H, H, H, to receive and support the bobbins I, I, I, and cause them to revolve when placed on the spindles and their weight resting on it to end pulley J, which is connected with the other end of the lifter or copping rail Gr, taking a turn of ninety degrees around said pulley thence it leads on to the outer grooves of double-grooved pulley C, at o, thence around said pulley C, until it reaches a point where a tangent line drawn from the lower edge or grooveV of seen at Fig. l, until it strikes a po-int meet# ing a straight line drawn from end pulley M, thence around the last named pulley ninety degrees thence in a straight line parallel with the lifter or copping rail QG,"

back of the spindles H, H, and the saine distance vfrom them as'that part of the bandV vheretofore described as passing 1n front ofsaid spindles H, H, and on a level with it to` Y end pulley N taking a turn of ninety degrees around-said pulley N,it passes tothe inner groove of double-grooved pulley D, at c,

thence around said double-grooved pulley D, to a, the place of beginning. The other band leads off the inside groove of double grooved pulley C, at d, lthence around grooved end pulley O, ninety degrees, thence in a straight line parallel with the lifter Gr, the same distance above it, and in front of the spindles H, H, as described for the band on `the other side, to end pulley P, taking a i `of said spindlesand on a level with it to end pulley` U, taking a turn of ninety degrees v around the last named pulley it leads on theinside groove ofdouble grooved pulley C at e, thence around said double grooved pulley C, to d, the place of beginning.` It will be perceived by this arrangement that v those parts ofthe bands which arein front of the spindles are passingin one direction while those parts in their rear are passing v inthe opposite, so that the bobbins being free on the spindles and their weight resting on the two parts of said bands are inade to revolve with greater strength from being in contact with the band in two places at oncev the heads are turned rounding as shown in the drawings that they may cause no `unnecessary friction on the bands-the bands should be carefully spliced in such `manner f as to `make as little inequality in their size i or surface as possible. I prefer cotton cords.

` i Those parts of the bands running parallel with the lifters or copping rails both in front and rear of the spindles are supported and kept in their places by a series of v grooved carrying pulleys V, V, V, of a suitable size (saytwo inches in diameter)` the grooves of whichkare inade rather larger `than the band so that it will work freely in v thein, these carrying' pulleys are fastened to the tops of small spindles f, f, f, about three-sixteenths of an inch in diam-eter and about one inch and three-quarters long-- they l are placed between every p alternate spindle H, H, `at an angle of `about fortylivedegrees in such manner that the upper side or groove receives the band or cord and serves as a guide for it as well asto prevent it `from sagging by the weight of the bobbins; The small spindles f, f,` f, to `which these pulleys V, V,V, are attached run in 3 65 socket bearings, drilled or bored into hubs g, g', g, on the lower side of the lifter at a proper angle and position to bring their respective pulleys to which they` are attached to the position described above and in a line with each other-these carrying pulleys for `cheapness as well as for lightness of construction, I" make of common tin or tinned slieet-ir`on`, the tin is first punched in a press to a proper size, and then with a pair of dies made to correspondto the shape of one-half of the pulley divided through the center of the groove in which the band runs. I form them by pressure, l4` then punch a round hole half ofan inch through the centers and by fastening two of them together back to back by `means of a brass rivet and washer (the rivet large enough to fill `the hole in the tin), I make a very cheap, light, and durable pulley. The rivets should be drilled and permanently fixed to the spindle and turned on` them perfectly true before uniting them with the tins to insure the truth of the pulleys.

The sliding pulleys-K, andS, and the pulleys L, and Q, run on studs and their office is to take up the bands when they become too slack, the studs on which the sliding pulleys run, are Vfastened by nuts in slots to brackets YV, lV, and may readily be removed to regulatethe tension of the band as may be required.

The grooved end pulleys F, J, M, N, O, P, T, U, are connected with the end of the lifters or copping rails `G,G, Src., as follows, on each end of the lifters is cast a block X, X, X, X, about one inch thick and three inches long ruiming lengthivays across the end of the lifter G, Gr, &c., and projecting up at right angles with it about three fourthsof an inch above th-e center of that` part of the bands which run parallel withV the lifters through each `of these blocks or y projections are bored two holes about three `fourths of an inch in diameter the centers of which iangeexactly with the centers of the parallel parts of the endless cards or bands in front and rear of the spindles.

`Passing `through these holes are studs i, 7i,

L, i,i1/,4i, 7i, L, of a diameter to fit thein and labout two inches long having a collar 2'., i', i,

z', z', if, z', z', with a small shank on their outer Lend. The collars inthe front or outside studs are made about one quarter of an inch longer than those in the rearor inside ones foi-the purpose of admitting the radius rods or levers Y, Y, Y, Y, Y, Y, Y, Y, hereafter described to pass outside of those attached to the collars of the `inside st-uds without interference. To the collars of each of these studs are permanently riveted by means of the small shanks turned on their outerends a radius rod or lever Y, made of rolled iron about an inch and an eighth wide, and `an eighth of an inch thick, these are riveted to tliestuds through a hole made to tit the shank on the collar ot the studs near their outer ends and extend from thence to the ot-her studs Z, Z, Z, Z, which are fastened to the frame end near the main shaft A. These last mentioned studs Z, Z, Z, Z, pass through slots which are made through the radius rods near their inner ends ot a width to tit the studs and of suiicient length to admit the radius rods to slide endways in the studs as their other ends rise and fall on a perpendicular with the traverse of the litters or copping rails. These studs h, h, t, h, z, k, it, it, to which the radius rods are riveted project through the blocks X, X, X, X, on the ends ot the litters about one inch to which are fastened cast iron brackets &, &, &, &, Se, &, t, &, by means of sockets bored through hubs on their outer ends to tit the studs and are held by set or pinching screws passing through the sides ot the hubs with their points passing against the sides of the studs. The brackets t, &, &, 8a, &, &, 92, @e SUPPOFt Other Studs 7', y', j j, j, ifi, j, on which the grooved end pulleys F, J, M, N, O, P, T, U, revolve and are so shaped as to bring the points of support ot said studs in a position that will bring the groove in the front edge of the end pulleys when placed on their studs y', j, y', y', j, j, y', j, in exact range lwith the center ot studs It, 7L, h., h, 7L, it, h, so that the parallel parts of the bands in passing from one end pulley to another passes in range with the 7L, h, h, L, h, h, it, it, supporting the brackets &, &, Se, &, &, &, &,

It will be seen by the drawings that some ot these brackets are made to support. the studs j, j, y', j, y', j, j, j, at their to-ps by means ot a socket and set screw while others pass under the pulleys and support the studs from the bottom as the situation of the pulleys require, those studs supported at their tops have a collar or head on their lower ends on which the weight of the pulleys rest. Those supported at the bottom have a collar and shank and are either riveted to the brackets or fastened wit-h a nut. These studs are about seven-sixteenths ot an inch in diameter and long enough to afford a bearing to-r the pulley to run on one and a halt inches long. By this arrangementI as the litters or chopping rails rise and tall the end pulleys F, J, M, N, O, P, T, U, being connected by the brackets &, &, &, &, &, &, &, &, and studs L,y L, h, h, 71 h, i, 7L, with the radius rods Y, Y, Y, Y, Y, Y, Y, Y have a reciprocating motion the back sides or grooves changing their positions to suit the angle of the bands as they pass to and from the double-grooved pulleys C, D, while their front grooves which directthe bands in their' parallel directions alo-ng the litters remain in the same relative position with the litters or chopping rails. Thus it will be perceived that the end pulleys F, J, M, N, O, P, T, U, have three distinct motions. First a rotary motie-n produced by the bands passing around them. Secondly an undulating motion with the litters as they rise and fall to distribute the yarn on the bobbins, and lastly the reciprocating motion produced by the radius rods and studs as before described.

I also make use of the following mode or contrivance for supplying the spindles H, II, &c., with oil and keeping them constantly lubricated, viz, instead of fastening the spindles directly tothe spindle rails R, It &c., wit-h set screws in the usual way, I tasten them to cast iron cups 7:, 72, 7c, Sec., ot suitable dimensions (say one inch in diameter and one inch deep) on the bottom ot whichare Shanks seven-eighths of an inch in diameter and two and three-fourths of an inch long. s

The cups and Shanks are cast in one piece and turned t-rue and the tops dished out to form a reservoir for oil` the bottom or shank is turned in a cylindrical form to lit the size ot a hole in the spindle rail made to receive it. A set or pinching screw is put through t-he side of the spindle rail the point of which is made to press against the side ot the shank of the oil cup and thus support and keep it in its place. In the center of thvese shanks commencing at the bottom ot t-he oil cup is made a cylindrical hole o-t a size exactly to tit the spindles about oneV and a half'inches deep from the bottom of which a tapering hole extends through the residue ot the shanks the small ends or bottoms of which are about oneeighth of an inch in diameter forming coni# by means of the set screws as usual.

I make the litters or copping rails with holes through them large enough to admit the oil cups to pass through them when the litters are down and the bobbins are lling at their tops for the purpose ot bringing the oil cups as near the bobbins as can be conveniently done. Around these holes I cast a rib or projection, about three-eighths ot an inch deep to strengthen the litters, on the top of this rib or projection and supported by it. I place a circular piece ot tin large enough to cover the holes in thelitter. Through the center of this circular tin is a hole in which is inserted and soldered to it a tin tube l, Z, Z, &c., about one and a quar-` i se `bottom ot the traverse dipinto the oil in i the cups and when they ascend they carry a portion ot oil up with them and distribute it on the spindles and as the bobbins tollow the tubes on their descent their lower bushes are sure to be supplied with oil and `the bushes being fixed in the bobbins as betore described, the lower bush when the litter goes up rises high enoughtosupply the upper bush with oil. By this arrangement the spindles receive continually a sutlicient supply ot oil every time the litter rises. On the top ot circular tin which torms a i collar and support tor the oil tube or teeder Z, Z, Z, Z, &c., I sometimes solder' a ring made ot stout tin about three-fourths ot an inch in diameter, and three-eighths ot an inch deep. This ring projects up to within about an eighth ot an inch ot the top ot the band on which the `bobbins rest. The object ot this is to prevent the bobbins trom being depressed down between the two parallel parts ot the band by any accidental pressure or settling down by their own gravity when the bands are too slack. t

The copping rails or litters may be worked by any ot the ordinary means enr ployed tor that purpose, but the plan which I adopt and recommend on machines constructed tor spinning warp or twist-yarn is as follows: There are cast iron bars or rods amm, m, m, &c, about one inch square and about sixteen inches long attached to the bottom ot the litters about sixinches trom their extreme ends and as near the tirst spindle trom the ends as convenient, they are fastened to the litters by means ot set screws passing through the litters into holes drilled and tapped in the upperends ot the bars or rods to receive them, these bars extend down in aperpendicular `direction passing through extreme square holes in the spindle rails which serve as a guide tor them as well as the litters which they support and cause to rise and tall. On the back sides ot these bars or rods m, m, m, m, &c., are cast racks the tops or commencement otwhich are about tour inches below the spindle rails when the litters are down, and extend below about tive inches, they are so made as to agree in pitch with pinions ot sixteen cogs to the inch in diameter. The bottom ot these litter bars or rods m, m, m, &c. pass through square holes in brackets n, a (shown in Fig. second) which are placed in a position about nine inches below and exactly perpendicular to the holes through which they pass in the t spindle rails, thus each bar or rod has two bearings or guides through which they pass and by which they are kept in a perpendic`ular position-these last named brackets a, n, are bolted by a tlange to the bottom or lower ends ot other brackets o, 0, which are bolted tot-he spindle rails by a ytlanch and extend down in a perpendicular directionf low enough to support the brackets n, mtor.`

spindle rails and at a proper distance trom l the litter bars or rods m, m, to admit pinions which are tastened to each ot their endsnear the journals to gear into the racks on the back sides ot the litter rods. `These pinions are one and tive-eighths inches in diameter to their pitch line and contain twenty-six cogs each. It will be seen that as the shatts g, Q, are made toturn backward and toaward with their pinions in gear with the racks, that the litter rods and litters will be made to rise and tall, to produce this motion the two litter shatts are connected together by a cross shatt o, which has a bevel wheel on each end about tour inches in 'diameter containing thirty-two cogs7 these gear into other bevel wheels which are fixed to the litter shatts containing titty-six teeth or cogs each-this cross shatt is supported by stands or brackets s, s, which are bolted to the spindle rails. On this cross-shaft is fixed a triangle-wheel Z, similar to those used tor working the traverse on roping ma-` chines called counter twist Speeders, this is worked with a pinion containing tour teeth made to suit the pitch ot the wheel, this pinion is tastened to the end ot a horizontal shatt u, running lengthwise ot the machine trom the periphery ot the inangle wheel and extending through the geared end ot the machine. It is supported at the end next the mangle wheel by a stand v tastened to a crosspiece or bar fw, which extends trom one spindle rail to the other and is bolted to them, this stand c, has an opening in it torming a bearing tor the shatt u, wide enough to admit the shatt to slide sidewise to change the pinion trom one surtace ot the mangle wheel to the other to reverse the motion ot the `mangle wheel with all that it gives motion to; the other end ot the shatt u, is supported by a stand or pedestal m, bolted to the end ot the machine; there is an overneck on this shatt extending beyond the outside bearing on which is fixed a grooved pulley y, `about tteen inches in diameter--this pulley receives motion trom an endless band passing around it and a grooved pulley@v about three inches in diameter fixed to the inside hub ot theiintermediate or carrying There is also a wheel on the end of the machine which gives motion to the rollers, the bevel-wheels on the lifter shafts are geared on the reverse side of those on the cross-shaft so that the lifters are made t0 rise on one side while they are falling on the other and thus counterbalance each other.

I have thus described the manner in which I work the lifters or copping rails by means of a mangle wheel racks and pinions, but something similar has been used before. The rollers are geared from the main shaft similar to the Inode in which they have heretofore been geared from the cylinder but as this part Iof t-he machine, as well as the rollers and roller gearing is familiar to those versed in spinning machinery, I deem it unnecessary to describe them.

I have described the manner in which I construct the machine for propelling the bobbins with two endless cords or bands, or with two parts of the same band, in front and rear of the spindles. But it is obvious that the particular mode of applyingand working the bands or cords is susceptible of various modifications, the following method I sometimes adopt, viz, instead of using two double-grooved pulleys on main shaft A, I use two single grooved pulleys 1 and 2, about eighteen inches in diameter which give motion to an endless band 7 or cord for propelling the bobbins as follows: Leading oif of grooved pulley 1 a-t 3, it leads on to binding pulley 4, over the top of this pulley to grooved end pulley 5, taking a turn of ninety degrees around this last named pulley, it passes in a straight line parallel with the lifter and about half an inch above it, back of the spindle 8, and a suitable distance from them to receive support and give motion to the bobbins 9, to grooved end pulley 10, taking a turn of ninety degrees around this pulley it passes to the lower side of binding pulley 11, passing under this pulley it leads on to grooved pulley 2, at 12, thence around said pulley 2, to the lower side of binding pulley 13, passing under the last named pulley it leads on to grooved end pulley 14, taking a turn of ninety degrees around said pulley it passes in a straight line parallel with the lifter 6, the same distance above it, and back of the spindle 8, as described for the parallel part on the other side of the machine to grooved end pulley 15, taking a turn of ninety degrees around this pulley it leads on to binding pulley 16, passing over this last named pulley it leafd's to grooved pulley 1, at 17, around the last named pulley to 3, the place of beginning. The parts of the band that run parallel with the lifters or copping rails are supported and kept in their places by a series of grooved carrying pulleys 18, 18, 18, 18, placed at an angle of about fort -ive degrees between every alternate spint le in the same manner as hereinbefore described for supporting the two pulleys parallel parts of the band in the other describe-d mode of banding. The binding pulleys 4, 11, 13, 16, run on center pins or studs which are vfastened by a screw and nut to brackets 20, 20, 20, 20; these brackets ar-e fastened with a bolt to the frame end; they have circular slots in which the studs for the binding pulleys are f-a-stened for the purpose of raising and lowering the binding pulleys to regulate the tension of the bands as may be required. The groovfed end pulleys 5, 10, 14 and 15, run on studs and have a reciprocating motion as hereinbefore described by means of brackets, studs and radius rods. 'The radius rods 21, 21., 21, 21, in this case are made crooked as shown in Fig. 8, and of a suitable length to admit of the slot or fork in their inner ends, straddling the -collars of the studs on which the binding pulleys 4, 11, 13, 16, run, so that the grooved end pulleys being acted on and regulated in their reciprocating motion by the radius rods 21, 21, 21, 21, will run fair with the band as it passes to and from the binding pulleys 4, 11, 13, 16.

I have described the inclined carrying pulleys on the lifters as being fastened to the top of small spindles, which run in socket bearings. But these spindles may be made longer and have a bearing at each of their ends, and the pulleys liXed to` them near their middle. I have also described the grooved end pulleys as running on center pins or studs, but they may be fixed to the middle of short spindles, which are supported at each of their ends. It is obvious that other parts of this improvement may be varied according to fancy or for the purpose of evasion, and yet the principle of this mode of operation remains the same.

The principle of the invention for which I claim a patent consists of- 1. The combination of the main shaft and pulleys thereon with the inclined pulleys on the lifters and the end pulleys and radius rods, carrying, sustaining, and guiding a. band or cord so as to drive the bobbins resting on the band o-r cord at the required rate and force, the bobbins being constructed and kept supplied with oil as aforesaid substantially as above described.

2. I also claim the method of supporting, guiding and working said endless band or cord by means of the inclined carrying pulleys on the lifters and the grooved-end pulleys in connection with the grooved pulleys on the main shaft, thereby giving motion to the bobbins by causing an endless band or cord to pass under them with their weight bearing on said band or cord substantially as aforesaid by whatever mechanical means the regulating action effected by the radius rods may be produced.

3. I also claim the reciprocating motion given to the grooved end pulleys by means of :radius rods, studs and brackets essentially as herein described.

Aa I `also claim the metbodl of applying oil `to the spindles and bobbins in spinning machinery substantially as above described.

5. And I further claim as my` invention `the use ofinclined pulleys upon lifters carrying and guiding a band or `cord upon which bobbins` are made to rest and be turned substantially as aforesaid by Whatever mechanical means the said band or cord `may fbe guided to and from said inclined `pulleys as the lifters rise and fall in the operation Of any spinning machines to which said inclined pulleys, bands, or cord may be applied.

6. `I also claiin the combination of pulleys Whether inclined or notupon the lifters with a band or cord and bobbins resting upon 20 them, and carried by said band substantially as aforesaid.

`'l'. I also claim the combination of pulleys inclined or not upon spindle rails, cai'- rying, guidingandmoving bobbins by the 25 Weight of these Ona band or cord as `aforesaid.`

(3i-IAS. DANFORTH.

Witnesses i GEORGE SULLIVAN, JOI-IN F. BRADY. 

